#Textile #Plant #Safety #PlantSafety Safety Safety is defined as being free from the occurrence of accidents. Accident The Accident is defined as an unplanned and uncontrolled event in which an action or reaction of an object, person, substance, radiation results in a person’s injury. Classification of Accidents Significance of safety in Industry Accident-free zone and safe atmosphere will result in improvement in the work culture. It will increase productivity. It will decre

#Textile #Gate #Tf_Gate #Testing #FabricTesting #FabricGrading #Fabric #FabricInspection 10-point Fabric inspection system: It is one of the Fabric inspection systems where a maximum of 10 penalty points can be awarded to one defect. This system was introduced in 1955 which was adopted by Textile Distributors and the National Federation of Textiles. This is the earliest inspection system and is designed to identify defects and assign each defect a value based on the severity

#Textile #Tf_Gate #Quality #FabricQuality #4PointSystem #FabricGradingSystem Fabric Inspection: It is defined as the process of maintaining the quality of raw materials used during the production of the finished product is known as inspection. Four Point System: In this system, one should inspect at least 10% of the total rolls in the shipment. Make sure that at least one roll from each color needs to be inspected. Criteria for giving penalty points: Note: a maximum of 4 poin

#Gate #Tf_Gate #Tf_Gate_1991 #Textile #TextileCoach 1. Range of Maturity Ratio (M) of cotton is: 0 to 1 0 to 100 0.2 to 1.2 0.5 to 1.5 Ans: 3 2. If d is the diameter, the ratio of air flow through a fibre plug during fibre fineness measurement will be proportional to d d2 d4 1/d2 Ans: 2 3. If 6 slivers each having CV(%) of 6 are doubled, the CV(%) of the resultant sliver will be √6 6 12 25 Ans: 1 4. A 36s cotton yarn with a twist multiplier of 3.5 will have 18 TPI 21 TPI 30 T

#Gate #Tf_Gate #SolvedPapers #Textile Fill in the Blanks Example of seed fibers is cotton and Kapok A cross-section of NaOH swollen cotton fibers shows a ring in the secondary wall which is better known as Lumen. The hollow Space in cotton fiber is known as Lumen while that in wool is called Medulla. The sulfur-containing amino acids in wool are cysteine and methionine. Stem fibers are also known as Bast Fibers Linen is made up of individual cells named Ultimate The monomers

#Textile #Spinning #RingSpinning #Gate #Tf_Gate Following are the disadvantages of choosing Ring Spinning Process Process stages are more numerous, Roving stage exists as an extra process compared to the other systems. Yarn breakages are more numerous as a result of ring traveler friction and yarn air friction. interruptions, broken ends, and piecing up problems exist because of the yarn breakages. The high speed of the traveler damages the fiber. The capacity of the cops is

#Gate #Textile #TextileCoach #Tf_Gate #SolvedPapers 21. The coarser fibers preferentially migrate To the surface of the yarn. To the core of the yarn. At random. Ans: 1 22. Longer and finer fibers require a card cylinder having Higher wire point density. Lower wire point density. Higher speed Ans: 1 23. On the scutcher the ratio of fan speed to beater speed required for synthetic fibers as compared to cotton fibers is Higher Lower Equal Ans: 1 24. On a good ring frame, the s

#Textile #Gate #Tf_Gate #Calculations #Spinning Q: What is the relation between CV% and U%? Also, write the difference between both. Ans: C.V. % = 1.25 X U% The irregularity U% is proportional to the intensity of the mass variations around the mean value. The U% is independent of the evaluating time or tested material length with a homogeneously distributed mass variation. The larger deviations from the mean value are much more intensively taken into consideration in the calc

#Textile #Winding #Spinning #QandA #Gate #TF_Gate Q. Compare between ordinary & automatic shuttle. Ans: Q. State the Importance or Effects of tensioning Device. Ans: Too high tension: Can damage the yarn. The breakage rate may be greater. Elongation properties may change. Too low tension: Can lead to unstable or loose packages which will not unwind cleanly. Variation in yarn tension in different parts of a wound package can cause undesirable effects. For MMF: Too high tension

#Textile #Fabric #Coverfactor #Gate Fabric Cover Factor: It is defined as the fraction of the area of the fabric covered by both warp and weft yarns. It is calculated from the threads/inch in the threads/inch in the fabric and counts of the threads. Cloth Setting: It gives the density of thread spacing and is expressed as the number of threads over a convenient linear distance such as an inch or a centimeter. Two values are necessary, the first defining the number of ends, th

#Textile #Fiber #Length #Gate Why fibre length? Quality assessment, Fibre breakage study, machine settings, combing efficiency, etc. The length of staple fibre is one of the most important characteristics. In general, a longer average fibre length is to be preferred because it confers a number of advantages. Firstly, longer fibres are easier to process. Secondly, more even yarns can be produced from them because there are fewer fibre ends in a given length of yarn. Thirdly, a

#Wool #Textile #TextileCoach #Gate #Tf_Gate #FiberLength WOOL FIBRE LENGTH (Capacitance Method) WIRA fibre diagram machine: (length for combed wool fibre) Parallel fibres have one end sealed between strips of plastic. Measurement is carried out by pulling the fibres “draw” through measuring slots. M/c measures the capacitance as the ‘draw’ passes through slots. (capacitance is proportional to the amount of material) Measured Length is calculated from the ten-length reading ta

#Textiles #Textile #Knitting #Gate #Fabric Open Loop: The open-loop is one in which the loop forming yarns doesn’t cross at the bottom of the loop. Closed-loop: In a closed-loop, the legs of the loop cross so that the loop closing takes place. Face loop: During loop formation when the new loop emerges through the old loop from back to face side it is called a face loop or weft knit loop. Back loop: If the new loop passes from the face side to the backside of old loop it is ca

#Fabric #textile #Moisture #Testing #Cotton #knit #Dye Natural dyes are derived from natural resources based upon their source of origin. These are broadly classified as plant, animal, mineral, and microbial dyes. As plants are the major sources of natural dyes interest in natural dyes grew. Information about natural dyeing was collected from the old literature and traditional dyeing practices in different regions were documented, compiled by various researchers. Later inform

#Textile #Crimp #Gate #Crimp% Measurement of crimp percentage: To measure the yarn crimp two values are must be known, the cloth length from which yarn is removed and the straightened length of the thread. In order to straighten the yarn, some amount of tension must be applied just sufficient to remove all the crimps without stretching the yarn. The standardized tensions as per British standards. The principle of yarn crimp determination is very simple. With a fine pen and ru

#Textile #GeoTextile #Roads India has one of the most extensive highway systems in the world most of the roads built in the country pre-independence era were constructed using John Macadam more than 100 years old principle in which dry pavement structure would be provided on the subgrade having on slope center of the section. Still, some of the last decades have seen a tremendous increase in the volume at the same time three has been increased in the weight of the vehicles an

#Textile #Yarn #Crimp #Gate #TextileCoach Crimp: Due to the interlacement of warp and weft yarns, a certain amount of waviness is imparted to the warp and weft yarns in a fabric. This waviness is called crimp. Hence the apparent length of a thread as it exists in the fabric is less than its straightened length. Crimp Percentage: It is defined as the mean difference between the straightened thread length and the distance between the ends of the thread while in the cloth, expre

#Textile #Gate #Fabric #Fashion #GSM #FabricWeight #TextileCoach GSM| Fabric Weight: The weight of a fabric can be described in the following two ways: Weight per unit area in terms of ounces per square yard or grams per square meter. Weight per unit length in terms of ounce per yard or grams per meter. The weight of a fabric can be determined by one of the following three methods: Method 1: Weighing of an entire cut, roll or bale of fabric when the length and width of the fa

#textile #RBA #Retailing #Apparels #Garments Retailing: Retailing is the process of selling goods and services from businesses to the end-user i.e., the customer. Retailer: A person or business that sells goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale. Functions of Retailer: The function of breaking bulk The function of creating place utility Stocking varieties of goods Providing credit facilities to customers Providing inform

#Textile #Count #Gate #Tf_Gate #Yarn #Testing #Spinning The following instrument is generally used to determine the count of the yarn with the wrap reel. The wrap reel is used to prepare the sample of length 120 Yards. Analytical Balance. Knowles Balance. Quadrant Balance. Beesley Balance. Stubb yarn Balance. Analytical Balance: In the mills, the leas of yarn are wrapped using the wrap reel and their weight is found out using the analytical balance. The weights are measured i