Creel is a platform for placing warpers beam. The function of the creel to allow steady and smooth unwinding of warp yarn from the warpers beam. So that the ends cannot touch or entangle with each other and provides easy withdrawal of yarn from warpers beam.
Only single type of creel cannot give the same beaming efficiency for different types of yarns. There are many numbers of creels which are used for different purposes.
Types of creels:
Over/Under creel
Equitension creel
Inclined creel
Vertical creel
Over/Under creel:
This type of creel is used for slashing spun warp yarns of synthetic fibers and cotton.
As shown in the figure, the warper beams are arranged in 2 rows, in an alternate manner having different heights. The warp sheet coming out from the first beam passes under the 2 nd beam and then passes over the third beam and this continues, as shown in figure 1.
The warp yarn which comes out from first beam experiences more stretch and tension than the warp yarn coming out from the beam located near the size box.
This problem can be overcome by mounting 2 creels and one for each of the 2 size boxes. If there 10 beams, then 5 beams mount on creel one and another 5 beams mount on creel 2.
Depending upon the number of size boxes used, the threading pattern of warp from the beams varies in this creel.
And for heavy to medium construction fabrics 2 size boxes are used where all top beams in the creel threaded over and under then enter into first size box, as shown in figure 1.1. all bottom beams in the creel threaded over and under and then enter to the second size box, as shown in figure 1.2.
From this type of arrangement, over and under movement of warp sheet can be reduced.
Equitension creel:
This type of creel is used for lightweight fabrics of open constructions.
Equitension creel threading pattern is completely different than that of over/under creel.
In this type of creel, warp yarns are subjected to equal tension and stretch irrespective of the position of the warpers beam.
In this creel, the warp yarns do not move over and under any beam.
Withdrawal of warp yarn from each individual warper beam passed over a guide roll and then it joins the yarn coming from other beams of the bottom or top tier respectively and then passes directly in to the size box, as shown in figure 2.
Inclined creel:
From each beam, the inclined creel allows the yarn to size box.
A constant inclination can be maintained in the path of the warp yarn by changing the height of the beam based on its position, as shown in figure 3.
Single tier and double tier type inclined creels are being used in the industry.
Single tier inclined creel requires more space than the double tier inclined creel. So mostly double tier inclined creels are used in the industry.
For filament warps, the double tier inclined creel is commonly used.
Vertical creel:
Vertical creel requires less floor space than the above 3 creels. And this creel is suitable where a greater number of warper beams are used.
The beams are stacked vertically on stands in three decks in several modules, as shown in figure 4.
In this type of creel, the operator easily mends a break or correct a problem at the passage between each pair of modules. And allows the operator easy access to all warper beams.